Monday, May 18, 2020

Essay on Hammurabis Code - 964 Words

Hammurabi’s code Hammurabi was the King of Babylonia from about 1790 BC to 1750 BC Hammurabi is believed to be the sixth ruler of the Amorite Dynasty. Although he was a successful governmental and military leader, his name will always be known for his Codes of Law. Hammurabi was the first King ever to record all the Laws of his Empire. He had a black stone carved with the 282 laws of Babylonia. On top of the stone sits a statue of a God handing the laws to Hammurabi. Because of his codes, Hammurabi was an immensely influential leader. Hammurabi came into power as a young man. Although he was young, he had already gained respect and trust will many powerful duties. In the early years of his rule, projects such as repairs, trading deals,†¦show more content†¦Many of today’s forms of government have traces of the same principles that Hammurabi used. Today’s laws are written down (of course), put into their respective categories, known by all the people, and obeyed by the courts. One example of a Hammurabi principle is that of a crime with a death sentence. When a person was tried for the death penalty, the trial was in front of a bench of judges, much like the juries of our government. The Hammurabi laws do seem quite harsh with most of them ending in death. But, as it seems, to stay away from them all you have to do is have control of your crops and possessions, stay out of harm’s way, be honest and do not accuse. That seems like a reasonable request. Of the translated Hammurabi codes, many of them are actually funny to the modern person. Take for instance, laws 215 and 218. To summarize them, they state that if a surgeon operates on a person and cures them, the surgeon shall receive ten shekels of silver, but if he fails to cure him, the surgeon will have his hands cut off. More serious ones are like numbers 229, 14 and 3. 229 states that if a builder constructs a house, and that house later collapses killing the owner, the builder shall be put to death. Law 14 states that if a man has stolen a child, he shall be put to death. 3 states that if a man accuses another man of a crime, and the accuser cannot prove that the crime was commited by the accused,Show MoreRelatedHammurabis Code of Laws Essay761 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst Amorite dynasty of Babylon. He supposedly ruled from 1792-1750 BC. During his rule, he wrote a code of law, which was the first to be translated from cuneiform. The code was written on several stone tablets so that all people could see them. It had a prologue, an epilogue, and 282 articles, and included rights for women, even though they didnt have as many rights as men did. Hammurabis code was based on the saying ‘an eye for an eye. This means that the retribution for the crime would roughlyRead MoreHistory: Hammurabis Code Essay1305 Words   |  6 Pagesbook, Arts and Culture, (p 98) presents Hammurabis Code as a Law Code of King Hammurabi. It was, thusly something very not quite the same as a Code of Laws existing in our legal and authoritative structure of government and social order. Hammurabis Code- A law Code or a set of regal choices As composed in Mesopotamia: The Mighty Kings, (p26), the code comprises of 282 laws that are stretched at the starting and end by a preface and conclusion. The Code touches practically every part of commonplaceRead MoreHammurabis Code and Laws Essay846 Words   |  4 PagesHAMMURABIS CODE AS AN INNOVATION The Ancient Babylonians lived under the assumption that the gods could do anything to humans that they wanted. Basically, if they felt like torturing a person for their amusement, they would do it, get bored and then move onto something else. The people also believed that if they were good and did what the gods wanted, they would be rewarded. The Hammurabi Code of Law allowed swift, cut and dry justice. It was created to help keep everyone in line as wellRead MoreEssay on Hammurabis Code1017 Words   |  5 Pagesnot know it, but they have heard part of Hammurabis Code before. It is where the fabled eye-for-an-eye statement came from. However, this brutal way of enforcing laws was a way to keep the people under this rule in order. When the population of a certain place under one ruler gets to be over 25 or so there is a need for social control. In this way the Code of Hammurabi is very similar to the Code of Maat, the Hindu Caste system and Buddhism. The Code of Hammurabi is famous for demanding punishmentRead MoreHammurabis Code: Just or Unjust?1585 Words   |  7 Pagestrade, and every other aspect of ancient life—this set of laws became known as â€Å"the Code of Hammurabi.† Carved upon a black stone eight feet high where everyone could read them, this Code was an improvement from previous lawless dynasties. However, these laws—compared to some other ancient laws such as the Mosaic Law and Roman Justinian Code—were unfair, unjust, and based on the social classes. Hammurabi’s laws were based on the harsh â€Å"eye for eye, tooth for tooth† mentality of the ancient eraRead MoreStatus of Women in Hammurabis Code Essay956 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout Hammurabis Code, it is made clear that the ancient Near East had a patriarchal system in which laws were needed to be put in place to grant protection to women from abuse. Laws placed restrictions on womens dowries and the manner in which divorce could occur. The state, therefore, recognized that women needed certain legal protections from male authority. Unfortunately, while such legal protections are granted, women are constantly addressed as a piece of property similar to slavesRead MoreSimilarities Between the Edicts of Ashoka, the Bible, and Hammurabis Code744 Words   |  3 Pagesremarkable similarities in their instructions on how to live a moral and righteous life. Although they were written hundreds of miles apart from each other, and in totally different cultures and civilizations, the Edicts of Ashoka, the Bible, and Hammurabi’s Code all elucidate the moral principles of self-control, justice, and abstention from harming living beings. In the Thirteenth Rock Edict, Ashoka, the greatest Mauryan king of India, points out that he desired to have self-control. This is theRead MoreBabylonian Class Hierarchy It’s Presence in Hammurabi’s Code of Law890 Words   |  4 PagesBabylonian Class Hierarchy It’s Presence in Hammurabi’s Code of Law Upon reading articles and texts concerning Hammurabi’s Code of law, I made a connection between its context and the class hierarchy of early Babylonian civilizations. The structure of the code of law parallels the expectation or rights of those in the different class levels. There are standards that each may be held to, and deviations of those standards have differing penalties for the different classes of peoples. What I foundRead MoreComparison Between The Code Of Hammurabi And Hammurabi1045 Words   |  5 Pageswhen this question arises. Those two laws are The Code of Hammurabi and the Bibles laws. Hammurabi’s legal code (The Code of Hammurabi) was established between 1894 and 1595 B.C. (Barratt et al., 2017). The Code of Hammurabi was a set of 282 laws dealing with a wide variety of interactions, and an epilogue filled with curses applying to anyone in the future who may change, efface, or subvent Hammurabi’s divinely ordained legislation (Cook 3). The Code of Hammurabi may have shown fairness to a degreeRead MoreThe Code Of Hammurabi : How Does It Differ From The Past?1716 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is History? How does it differ from the past? These questions are asked by almost every Historian at some point in time. This essay will use the Code of Hammurabi to show that the actual past that historian attempt to obtain is not as important as the way it effects daily life, w hich creates history as we know it. It will look at the discrepancy between who created the document and who actually wrote it, the difference between why a document is important and why it survives, how the intent of

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Controversial Movements In Music Essay - 1494 Words

The ultimate achievement for any culture is the creation of an art form (Marsalis, Pg 3). Wynton Marsalis is a strong supporter of traditional jazz whose impression is that music should stay traditional. On the other hand, Herbie Hancock believes the opposite. For music to grow or become anything, the artist must experiment and try new things. Herbie Hancocks theories allow for the movement of jazz music from the traditional to a more progressive new form. He believes what makes history is what music reflects on. Music has made an impact on all levels in history. The early days of jazz provided many styles which highlighted the talent and innovation of African American music including Ragtime and Dixieland. Ragtime also†¦show more content†¦Styles are what makes the music change. For instance, traditional Ragtime style moved to Dixieland which moved to Bebop. And from there traditional jazz was created. But jazz kept progressing the way it did. Bebop to the birth of Cool. Cool to Funk and Fusion. Funk and Fusion to Free Jazz. And so on. So where is our music heading? Our styles from jazz has moved to a new style that is now apart of our era. This new style can create a form of inspiration towards the listener. This inspiration can breach outside of music and into the present time. For traditional jazz to create inspiration may only be within the music itself since the style is so far passed. Ive found from my own life that I can get more accomplished by getting a perso n inspired to do something. Inspiration, not intimidation. (Hancock, page 7). Music has a large impact on people. It can bring a person out of depression as well as bring them into it. It can create fights as well as solve them. Traditional jazz was a source for this back in the 20s to late 60s. Now, traditional jazz does not have much of an impact on people as much as newer music does. For example, John Coltranes album A Love Supreme was considered spiritual at its time. Today, there are still some who consider it spiritual but not as many. As times change, the popularity of albums change making the impact of certain albums change or just dissipate. Certain types ofShow MoreRelatedJohn Cage : An Experimental American Composer942 Words   |  4 Pagesis a three-movement composition composed by John Cage(1912-1992) who was an experimental American composer. The basic description of this composition is that all the performers of any instruments not to play their instruments during the entire duration of the piece throughout the three movements which makes it become one of the most important and meaningful musical compositions of the 20th century. Until now, it is still an controversial question to â€Å"define† 4’33’’ as a joke or music. John cageRead MoreHippie Movement1719 Words   |  7 Pages------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- THE CONTROVERSY OF THE HIPPIE MOVEMENT ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Read MoreThe Most Iconic Civil Rights Movement Influencers Of All Time By Billie Holiday1590 Words   |  7 PagesTo begin my essay, I would like to start off with arguably the most iconic civil rights movement influencers of all time, Billie Holiday. Eleanora Fagan was born on April 7, 1915 and is from the â€Å"Quaker City† formally known as Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Eleanora childhood could be best described as unsteady, at times. During these trying points in her life, Eleanora enjoyed singing along to records and escape the harsh reality of her life. When she made the move to New York with her mother aroundRead MoreAmerican Pie Is A Song That Made A Huge Impact On Americans850 Words   |  4 Pagesperiod. Don McLean sang about the events from the nineteen fifties through nineteen seventies after Buddy Holly’s death. Many events from those years are controversial. McLean also stated how music changed from these d ecades. Rock ‘n Roll used to be popular since the fifties. American Pie by Don McLean describes the transition in Rock ‘n Roll music from the iconic history of the mid nineteen hundred. Nonetheless, many critics assume the first line of the chorus relates to McLean s relationshipRead MoreBob Dylans Influence during the Civil Rights Movements1223 Words   |  5 PagesMusic has been around since the very beginning of time. The human body flows in a rhythmic syncopation. Music is used to change one’s mood and to inspire those who open their minds. It has the potential to cure diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. Humans, of every culture and society, function with a type of rhythmic music. As humans, we are hard wired to respond to music (Mannes). The human brain responds to music in such a way that the brain becomes more open to new rhythms, ideas, and valuesRead MoreGrowth of the Rastafarian Movement Essay822 Words   |  4 Pages Since its founding in the 1930s, the Rastafarian movement has grown to the point where it has become a major cultural and political force in Jamaica. During its existence, the movement has challenged Jamaicas neo-colonialist societys attempts to keep whites at the top and blacks at the bottom of the socio-economic structure. Because of its controversial actions, the movement has evoked responses from observers that range from hostility to curiosity (Forsythe 63). On one hand, RastafariansRead MoreThis essay, 1920s vs 1960s, writen in AABB format, deals with the comparison of; general statistics, fashion styles of both men women, music, controversial issues.1502 Words   |  7 Pageswas at a new low of only 6% of the population during this time period. Yet, despite all the aspects, which today we might see as unfavorable, this decade was full of many new and exciting things. From the way they dressed, to the music styles, and finally to the controversial issues, the 1920s were a nonstop era of change. Yet, as we move ahead to the 1960s, life was very different. There were around 177,830,000 people living in the United States. Unfortunately, as the population increased, so didRead MoreCritical Analysis redeeming Rap music1088 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Redeeming the Rap Music Experience† The influence of rap on black urban youths has become a major part to the modern day music industry. 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A Case Study of ENEC-Free-Samples for Students- Myassignement

Question: Discuss about the A case study of ENEC. Answer: Project title Knowledge Management as continuum to sustainable employee and organization development of government sectors in Abu Dhabi in Benchmarking 2030 Vision: A case study of ENEC Overview The aspect of knowledge management is considered as one of the determining factors for sustainable competitive advantages of a business organization. Sustainable employee development is an essential part of organizational development and the accomplishment of the distinct aspect is dependant chiefly upon the factor called knowledge management. As per the aim of Saudi Vision 2030, the entire Saudi Arabias dependence upon oil is required to be reduced and Saudi Arabia would start relying on the alternative sources of economic development (Becerra-Fernandez and Sabherwal 2015). Following the concern and plan of Saudi Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia would concentrate on the development of varied service sectors such as health, infrastructure constructive, tourism, education as well as recreation (Wang et al. 2014). On the other the structure and activities of the government sector of UAE has changed over last couple of years by setting its focus on the delivering services and has decided to increase the use of technology. It is needed to mention here that the government sector of UAE is attempting to accomplish the plan of Saudi vision 2030 and thus they are giving privileges to the travel, education, health and knowledge-processing sector (Holtshouse 2013). If the government of UAE is determined to accomplish Vision 2030, then it requires maintaining the sustainable employee and organizational development of the newly emerging business and economic sectors of UAE. For the aforementioned reason, knowledge management can be only the continuum that can push the newly emerging governmental sectors of UAE to the premise of success (Thompson 2017). Key research questions and objectives Following the considered topic of the research proposal, the aim of the considered research project will be to identify how knowledge management can help to maintain a sustainable employee and organizational development in the government sectors of Abu Dhabi in Benchmarking 2030 Vision. Therefore, the accompanying objectives of the research project will be the following To identify the role of knowledge management in maintaining sustainable development To identify the role of knowledge management in having sustainable organization development To identify the current condition of sustainable development in the government sector of Abu Dhabi like the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation To understand the importance of knowledge management as a benchmarking factor for vision 2030 The research questions, which will guide the project in accomplishing its prime aim as well as objectives, will be Q.1 What is the role of knowledge management in maintaining sustainable development? Q.2 What is the role of knowledge management in having sustainable organization development? Q.3 What is the current condition of sustainable development in the government sector of Abu Dhabi like the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation? Q.4 What is the importance of knowledge management as a benchmarking factor for vision 2030? The research project will acquire relevant data as well as an effective analysis based on the research questions made above. Review of relevant literature Knowledge management and theories Knowledge management is considered to be a distinct set or series of measures including identifying, collecting sharing explicit and implicit information to individuals as well as storing them through a business organization. The aspect of knowledge management is perceived through three theories, which are Organizational KM theory, Ecological KM theory and the Techno-centric KM theory (Hislop 2013). As per the Organizational Knowledge Management theory, the aspect of knowledge management is dependent upon individual organizational culture and the theory further focuses on organizational structure and in which way an organization is required to be designed culturally as well as hierarchically. According to the Organizational KM theory, organizational culture and structure are the two main determinants of knowledge management (Dong et al. 2017). On the other hand, the Ecological KM theory gives priority towards organizational people, relationship between employee and management, learning communities and the importance of sharing knowledge. Unlike the Organizational KM theory, the Ecological KM theory focuses on the internal relationship within an organization and individual employee behavior (Wang et al. 2014). Besides these two theories, there is the Techno-centric theory, which concentrates on technology and the design of the process. The focus of the Techno-centric theory is on the process of designing technological helps and technical enablers to facilitate the storage of information flexibly as well as the flow of information (McIver et al. 2013). Knowledge management is an impactful set of activities, which strongly influences people in an organization, process of organizational activities and the technologies of knowledge sharing. Sustainable employee development Employee development is considered to be the procedure of developing employees through varied training programs or any other form of learning procedures with the help of the employers or the peers. Sustainable employee development or sustainable employee engagement is possibly the refined procedure that helps an organization in pursuing sustainable organizational approach (Noe et al. 2014). Employee development itself is an essential procedure for maintaining the sustainable growth as well as maintaining corporate social responsibilities, which is again a statistical procedure for organizational sustainability. Without complete support and active engagement from the employees, it is not possible for an organization to display impressive sustainable approaches (AF Ragab and Arisha 2013). According to the behavioral management theory, organizational leadership is the chief factor that determines the accomplishment of successful employee development as well as employee engagement (Hende rson and Boje 2015). The behavioral management theory of employee development is indicative of the fact that managers or organizational leaders are at the first place to make a worthwhile contribution to the sustainable employee development. It is the responsibility of the managers of an organization to treat employees as a significant asset of the organization, so that they can easily achieve the organizational goal (Flamholtz and Brzezinski 2016). Therefore, it is understandable that the behavioral management theory is indicative of the fact that motivation from the management is the key for a successful employee development and engagement. According to the perspective of the distinct theory, motivation is the internal procedure that is supposed to direct the enduring behavior of the employees (Geparth et al. 2014). Therefore, for successful employee development, there is the requirement for transformational and transactional leadership, which are considered as the two leadership styles through which m anagers can successfully pursue a motivational conduct. According to 2012 Global Workforce Study, a survey of more near about 32,000 employees across more than 30 countries has shown that employers need to focus on sustainable engagement of the employees for making an impressive approach to the sustainable organizational development. Sustainable organizational development The phrase organizational sustainability is indicative of the continuous growth of an organization. As per Geparth et al. (2014), sustainable organizational development means acquiring success of today without compromising the requirements of the future. However, according to the Charter of the Sustainability Committee, sustainable development of a business organization means the particular ability to accomplish the needs of the existing customers while taking into account the needs of future generation. According to the Organizational development theory, organizational development is a field of research, theory, a distinct practice dedicated to the organizational attempt to expand the knowledge as well as effective performance of the people in an organization. Therefore, according to the Organizational development theory, sustainable organizational development is a procedure of continuously diagnosing, making plans, implementing, evaluating performances and transferring the knowledg e as well as the skills to improve organizational capability for improving the capacity to solve problems as well as managing the changes in future (Flamholtz and Brzezinski 2016). According to the Organizational development theory, organizational climate is the personality of an organization and it is entirely dependent upon organizational culture and the organizational strategies. All the aforementioned components altogether are necessary for pursuing a successful and sustainable organizational development. Government sectors of Abu Dhabi and Vision 2030 The government sector of Abu Dhabi has been undergoing rapid changes as per the reason; the country is reducing their dependence upon to the oil and gas exploration and production industry and concentrating on the other sources of income. The government sector of Abu Dhabi is understandably following the concern of Saudi Vision 2030 (Thompson 2017). According to the Governance Model of Saudi Vision 2030, the Abu Dhabi will acquire a vibrant society, a thriving economy as well as become an ambitious nation by the end of 2030. Therefore, according to the plan of Saudi Arabia Vision 2030, all the provisions of Saudi Arabia will reduce their economic dependence upon oil and gas industry and they will rely on the alternatives sources of economy (Alshahrani and Alsadiq 2014). In this context, it is essential to mention that the fundamental goals of Vision 2030 is to strengthen the sovereign fund and make it acknowledgeable globally, to get freedom from oil, to substract Aramco, to successf ully apply the green card system and to increase the number of pilgrims. Additionally, the aim of the Vision 2030 is also to increase the number of private employment sector, increase employment, and strengthen the military industry, to work more on the housing projects and finally work more to stop the ongoing corruption (Albassam 2015). In order to accomplish the mission of the Saudi Vision 2030, it will be necessary to develop the business sector of Abu Dhabi and other parts of Saudi Arabia consistently. Therefore, the government sector of Abu Dhabi and other parts of Saudi Arabia needs to use strong strategies to pursue knowledge management for making sustainable employee development. ENEC The ENEC or the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation is a governmental entity that is responsible for the deployment, ownership as well as operations of the Nuclear energy plants in the forefront of United Arab Emirates. The mission of ENEC is to provide safe, clean, efficient as well as reliable energy from nuclear power to the UAE grid for building a sustainable capability to the nuclear sector. The ENEC is also responsible for ensuring complete alignment with the energy strategy of UAE. The accompanying vision of ENEC is to facilitate an empowered future growth of UAE by providing a sustainable as well as civil program of Nuclear energy (Almansoori and Betancourt-Torcat 2015). For ENEC, safety and integrity of the employee is prioritized first and it has been also identified that the organization believes in being transparent, accurate as well as factual to the community and to the employees through their communication. Therefore, it is understandable that for the distinct organization of UAE, it is essential to pursue a sustainable approach for the community as well as for the employees. Research methodology Following the research aim, objectives and questions, it is understandable that the research will require empirical study and a metaphysical standpoint. In order to conduct the study in a systematic way to acquire fruitful result, the research project is required to be pursued with an appropriate research philosophy, research design and approach. Considering the chosen topic of the research project, the accompanying research philosophy will be the philosophy of positivism. The philosophy of positivism helps a research to be pursued through a positive data of different experiences. The philosophy will help in conducting the research logically and to accompany the considered philosophy above, the research paper will work through a deductive approach. A deductive approach will help in extracting a generalized as well as logical understanding from varied premises. It is one of the chief concerns of the project to identify the role of knowledge management on sustainable employee developme nt and further organizational development. Thus, the paper would require following a deductive method to reach to a suitable perception. On the other hand, the in terms of research design or research type, it has been identified that both the qualitative and quantitative method of primary research will be necessary to pursue. However, the research paper will not follow the secondary research method as per the reason the research needs to prioritize human perceptions through observation and practical situations. Considering the aforementioned necessity, the concerned research paper will consider two types of research designs. First, will be the descriptive research design through which the paper would collect data to add additional information and explain them regarding the selected topic. Besides that, for analyzing the case study of ENEC, the research will adopt the explanatory design in order to concentrate on the current projects taken by the government body. It can be anticipated here that with the help of the casual research or explanatory research design, the paper can properly assess the case study of ENEC. At the same time, the paper can successfully evaluate the impact of knowledge management on sustainable organizational development in general. However, in terms of collecting data and sampling, it has been mentioned before that the paper will conduct quantitative as well as qualitative researches. Thus, following the particular decision, the paper will conduct a pilot study on 20 individual focus groups. In terms of the quantitative method, the pilot study will be procured in order to have a clear and concise understanding about employee development. More particularly, through a pilot study, the paper will get idea about some motivating factors like e learning and gamification for achieving organizational development. On the other hand, in terms of a qualitative research, the paper will pursue a case study through an explanatory approach to the current projects of the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporate. In terms of research tools, for the quantitative research analysis, survey questionnaire will be conducted online and thereafter the analysis will be done through a descriptive analysis. The reliability or validity of the data will be assessed for testing the hypothesis. Research outcomes Following the proposed methodology and literature review, it can be anticipated that if the research paper will be pursued systematically according to each proposed step, then it will possibly give impressive outcome for the objectives. Firstly, it can be expected that the research paper will provide an impressive extent of understanding about the role and effect of knowledge management on sustainable development of business organization. Secondly and more precisely, the research paper will provide an in-depth understanding about the importance of knowledge management in the sustainable development of the government sectors of Abu Dhabi. Thirdly, it is expected that through the research project, the researcher will establish a concise perception about the role of knowledge management as a benchmarking aspect for vision 2030. Finally, through analysis the case study of ENEC, the paper will make sure that there are evidences of the fact that knowledge management is essential for the su stainable growth of the government sectors. Timescale In order to accomplish all the aforementioned methods systematically and fruitfully, it will be important to pursue the following timescale Activities 1st to 3rd Week 4th to 10th week 11th to 13th Week 14th to 17th Week 18th to 21st Week 22nd to 23rd Week 24th Week Selection of the topic Data collection from primary sources and analysis the case study Creating layout Literature review Analysis and interpretation of collected data Findings of the data Conclusion of the study Formation of draft Submission of final work Following the above timescale, the research project will have to follow the above-designed time-scale and as per the time-scale, the research project has to focus on the literature review, primary and secondary data collection and analysis of them chiefly References AF Ragab, M. and Arisha, A., 2013. Knowledge management and measurement: a critical review.Journal of Knowledge Management,17(6), pp.873-901. Albassam, B.A., 2015. Economic diversification in Saudi Arabia: Myth or reality?.Resources Policy,44, pp.112-117. Almansoori, A. and Betancourt-Torcat, A., 2015. Design optimization model for the integration of renewable and nuclear energy in the United Arab Emirates power system.Applied Energy,148, pp.234-251. Alshahrani, M.S.A. and Alsadiq, M.A.J., 2014.Economic growth and government spending in Saudi Arabia: An empirical investigation. International Monetary Fund. Becerra-Fernandez, I. and Sabherwal, R., 2015.Knowledge management. Routledge,. Dong, Y., Bartol, K.M., Zhang, Z.X. and Li, C., 2017. Enhancing employee creativity via individual skill development and team knowledge sharing: Influences of dual?focused transformational leadership.Journal of Organizational Behavior,38(3), pp.439-458. Flamholtz, E.G. and Brzezinski, D., 2016. Strategic Organizational Development and Growing Pains: Empirical Evidence from Europe.International Review of Entrepreneurship,14(1). Geparth, R., Savall, H., Zardet, V. and Bonnet, M., 2014. Organizational Development and Measurement: Toward A New Direction. In5me colloque et sminaire doctoral international de l'ISEOR-AOM(p. 17). Henderson, T. and Boje, D.M., 2015.Organizational development and change theory: Managing fractal organizing processes(Vol. 11). Rout Hislop, D., 2013.Knowledge management in organizations: A critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Holtshouse, D.K., 2013.Information technology for knowledge management. Springer Science Business Media. McIver, D., Lengnick-Hall, C.A., Lengnick-Hall, M.L. and Ramachandran, I., 2013. Understanding work and knowledge management from a knowledge-in-practice perspective.Academy of Management Review,38(4), pp.597-620. Noe, R.A., Wilk, S.L., Mullen, E.J. and Wanek, J.E., 2014. Employee Development: Issues in Construct Definition and Investigation ofAntecedents.Improving Training Effectiveness in WorkOrganizations, ed. JK Ford, SWJ Kozlowski, K. Kraiger, E. Salas, and MS Teachout (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997), pp.153-189. Thompson, M.C., 2017. SAUDI VISION 2030: A VIABLE RESPONSE TO YOUTH ASPIRATIONS AND CONCERNS?.Asian Affairs,48(2), pp.205-221. Wang, S., Noe, R.A. and Wang, Z.M., 2014. Motivating knowledge sharing in knowledge management systems: A quasifield experiment.Journal of Management,40(4), pp.978-1009. Wang, S., Noe, R.A. and Wang, Z.M., 2014. Motivating knowledge sharing in knowledge management systems: A quasifield experiment.Journal of Management,40(4), pp.978-1009.